cactusclassification – Page 30 – THE LAST CACTUS CLASSIFICATION

April 21, 2016April 21, 2016

CORYPHANTHA

Autor: (Engelmann) Lemaire

• ETYMOLOGY
“Flower in the summit”, because flowers of this genus appear in a typical way at the top of the plants.
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of solitary plants or eventually forming compact clumps branching from the base. Stems globose to cylindrical, tubercles often very prominent, elongated and rounded or pyramidal, with a furrow. Areoles situated at the top of tubercles; spines variable in size and robustness, often curved, rarely hooked. Axils usually woolly, especially towards the apex.
Flowers diurnal, self-sterile, rather large, appearing at the apex of stems, in the axils of the young tubercles, funnelshaped to bell-shaped, usually light yellow, but can be also creamy-white, pink magenta to pink purple, pollinated by bees (Ceratina sp., Diadasia rinconis). Fruits globose to elongated, naked, juicy, indehiscent, mostly green or yellowish, floral remains persistent. Seeds egg-shaped to kidney-shaped, shiny or matt, with a finely reticulate testa, often brown, also black.
• HABITAT
The genus Coryphantha shows in some taxa, a large variability, and grows in small scattered, often isolated colonies, frequently in loamy meadows or dry prairies, among the matorral (scrub of sub-shrubs typical of dry regions of northern Mexico), especially in the Chihuahuan desert, also at the edge of cliffs, on steep slopes in pockets of humus, under the shade in deciduous forests, in valleys, on also clayey, gypsum or volcanic, often limestone soils, from 500 m up to 2700 m in altitude, together with cacti and other succulents.
• DISTRIBUTION
Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nuevo-Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas).

Currently 47 recognised species + 8 subspecies:
– Coryphantha clavata* (Scheidw.) Backeb. 1942
– Coryphantha clavata subsp. stipitata (Scheldweller) Dicht & Luthy 2001
– Coryphantha compacta* (Engelm.) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha cornifera* (DC.) Lem. 1868
– Coryphantha delaetiana (Quehl) A.Berger 1929
– Coryphantha delicata* Bremer 1979
– Coryphantha difficilis* (Quehl) Orcutt 1926
– Coryphantha durangensis* (Runge ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha durangensis subsp. cuencamensis (Bremer) Dicht & Luthy 2001
– Coryphantha echinoidea* (Quehl) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha echinus* (Engelm.) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha elephantidens* (Lem.) Lem. 1868
– Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. bumamma (Ehrenberg) Dicht & Luthy 2001
– Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. greenwoodii (Bravo) Dicht & Luthy 2001
– Coryphantha erecta* (Lem. ex Pfeiff.) Lem. 1869
– Coryphantha georgii* Boed. 1931
– Coryphantha glanduligera* Lem. 1868
– Coryphantha glassii Dicht & Luthy 2000
– Coryphantha gracilis Bremer & A.B.Lau 1977
– Coryphantha hintoniorum Dicht & Luthy 1998 (= C. roederiana?)
– Coryphantha hintoniorum subsp. geoffreyi Dicht & Luthy 2003
– Coryphantha jalpanensis* Bremer 1977
– Coryphantha kracikii Halda, Chalupa & Kupcak 2002
– Coryphantha laui Bremer 1979
– Coryphantha longicornis* Boed. 1931
– Coryphantha maiz-tablasensis* Schwarz ex Backeb. 1949
– Coryphantha melleospina Bravo 1954
– Coryphantha neglecta* Bremer 1979
– Coryphantha nickelsiae* (K.Brandegee) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha octacantha* (DC.) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha ottonis* (Pfeiff.) Lem. 1868
– Coryphantha pallida* Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha pallida subsp. calipensis (Bravo) Dicht & Luthy 2001
– Coryphantha poselgeriana* (A.Dietr.) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha potosiana* (Jacobi) Glass & Foster 1970
– Coryphantha pseudoechinus* Boed. 1929
– Coryphantha pseudonickelsiae Backeb. 1949
– Coryphantha pulleineana* (Backeb.) Glass 1968
– Coryphantha pycnacantha* (C.Mart.) Lem. 1868
– Coryphantha radians (DC.) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha ramillosa* Cutak 1942
– Coryphantha recurvata* (Engelm.) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha reduncispina Boed. 1933
– Coryphantha retusa* (Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha robustispina* (Schott ex Engelm.) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha robustispina subsp. scheeri* (Muehlenpf.) N.P.Taylor 1998
– Coryphantha robustispina subsp. uncinata* (Benson) N.P.Taylor 1998
– Coryphantha salinensis* (Poselg.) A.D.Zimmermann ex Dicht & A .D.Luthy 1998
– Coryphantha sulcata* (Engelm.) Britton & Rose 1923
– Coryphantha sulcolanata (Lem.) Lem. 1868
– Coryphantha tripugionacantha* A.B.Lau 1988
– Coryphantha vaupeliana Boed. 1928
– Coryphantha voghterriana* Werderm. & Boed. 1932
– Coryphantha werdermannii* Boed. 1929
– Coryphantha wohlschlageri* E.Holzeis 1990

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3723-9 (Vol. 1)

April 21, 2016April 21, 2016

CORYNOPUNTIA

http://opuntiads.com/cyl/wp-content/gallery/grusonia-clavata/Cory.-clavata-GrandJct.Bot_.Gdn-6-14-08-1.jpg

Autor: F. Knuth in Backeberg & Knuth

• ETYMOLOGY
“Club-Opuntia”, referring to the typical club-shaped stems of the species in this genus.
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of dwarf, bushy and low-growing plants, densely branched, with shortly cylindrical to clavate small segments, tuberculate and not ribbed. Spines having a sheath only at the apex, one is usually sturdier, angulate and flattened, sometimes with a bulbous base. Glochids are present.
Flowers diurnal, self-sterile, funnel-shaped, mostly light yellow, more rarely white (C. marenae) or red (C. guccinii), pollinated by insects, especially diptera and hymenoptera. Fruits not very spiny, fleshy at the beginning, then drying. Seeds large, flattened to suborbicular or more or less oblong, straw-coloured.
• HABITAT
The genus Corynopuntia grows in northern Mexico and southern United States, in the deserts of Mojave and Chihuahua, practically from sea level up to 2500 m in altitude, always in very dry areas, the matorral, consisting of xerophytic plants, among bushes, in cracks of rocky outcrops at foothills, on open, gravelly or clayish-sandy alluvial plains, plateaus, valleys, sometimes on oxidized, muddy, sandy or rocky limestone sedimentary soils, old stabilized dunes, together with cacti and other succulents. Plants are often used by several rodents and lizards as a protection against predators.
• DISTRIBUTION
Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo-Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas).

Currently 17 recognised species + one subspecies:
– Corynopuntia aggeria* (Ralston & Hilsenb.) M.P.Griff. 2002
– Corynopuntia agglomerata (A.Berger) F.M.Knuth 1935
– Corynopuntia bulbispina* Engelm.) F.M.Knuth 1935
– Corynopuntia bulbispina subsp. basileocephala D.Donati 2011
– Corynopuntia clavata* (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth 1935
– Corynopuntia emoryi* (Engelm.) Griffith 2002
– Corynopuntia grahamii* (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth 1935
– Corynopuntia guccinii D.Donati 2010
– Corynopuntia invicta* (Brandegee) F.M.Knuth 1935
– Corynopuntia kunzei* (Rose) Griffith 2002
– Corynopuntia marenae* (Parsons) Griffith 2002
– Corynopuntia moelleri(A.Berger) F.M.Knuth 1935
– Corynopuntia nigrispina D.Donati 2012
– Corynopuntia parishii* (Orcutt) F.M.Knuth 1935
– Corynopuntia reflexispina (Wiggins & Rollins) Backeb. 1958
– Corynopuntia robertsii (Rebman) L. G. Bulot & J. M. Solichon 2009
– Corynopuntia schottii* (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth 1935
– Corynopuntia vilis* (Rose) F.M.Knuth 1935

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3723-9 (Vol. 1)

April 21, 2016April 21, 2016

CORRYOCACTUS

Autor: Britton & Rose

• ETYMOLOGY
A genus honouring Thomas Avery Corry ( 1862-1942 ), engineer of Railroads in Peru (Ferrocarril del Sur), who helped Britton and Rose to explore the country. They said that they found thanks to him, not less than three species of this genus throughout the route of railway. Portrait is unknown.
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of shrubby to treelike plants, with columnar stems, branching from the base, erect or procumbent and strongly spiny. Sometimes very long spines (up to 24 cm long in C. brevistylus).
Flowers diurnal, self-sterile, funnel-shaped to bell-shaped, with a short and thick floral tube, bearing small scales, yellow, orange, pink, salmon pink, red to carmine red, pollinated by insects (hymenoptera and diptera), also by hummingbirds (Rhodopis vesper). Fruits globose, covered with spines falling when ripe, fleshy to juicy, pulp acid, edible, floral remains persistent. Seeds rather small, wrinkled, black, coarsely tuberculate, covered with a mucilage envelope, scattered by bats (Platalina genovensium) or, for some species, by deer (Hippocamelus antisensis).
• HABITAT
The genus Corryocactus grows in the Andes, on reliefs, foothills, on steep slopes, also near the Pacific coast, in dry stony, rocky or sandy areas in full sun, or in the shade under bushes among grasses, from 50 m up to 3800 m in altitude. Some species use the immediate surrounding vegetation to remain upright (eg. C. pulquinensis).
• DISTRIBUTION
Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija), N. Chile (Arica, Tarapaca), Peru (Amazonas, Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, La Libertad, Lima, Moquegua, Tacna).

Currently 18 possible species:
– Corryocactus apiciflorus* (Vaupel) Hutchison 1963 (= C. tenuiculus)
– Corryocactus aureus* (Meyen) Hutchison ex Buxb. 1963
– Corryocactus ayacuchoensis Rauh & Backeb. 1957
– Corryocactus ayopayanus Cardenas 1952
– Corryocactus brachypetalus* (Vaupel) Britton & Rose 1920
– Corryocactus brevistylus* (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose 1920
– Corryocactus chachapoyensis Ochoa & Backeb. ex D.R.Hunt 1999
– Corryocactus charazanensis Cardenas 1957
– Corryocactus erectus (Backeb.) F.Ritter 1981
– Corryocactus erici-marae N.Cieza 2012 (= C. apiciflorus ?)
– Corryocactus huincoensis F.Ritter 1981
– Corryocactus melanotrichus (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose 1920
– Corryocactus prostratus F.Ritter 1981
– Corryocactus pulquinensis Cardenas 1957
– Corryocactus quadrangularis (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter 1958
– Corryocactus serpens F.Ritter 1981
– Corryocactus squarrosus (Vaupel) Hutchison 1963
– Corryocactus tarijensis Cardenas 1952

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3723-9 (Vol. 1)

April 20, 2016April 20, 2016

COPIAPOA

https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4110/5096587276_a6a7321952_z.jpg

Autor: Britton & Rose

• ETYMOLOGY
Genus coming from the province of Copiapo, Chile, where the first species were described from.
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of globose to elongated plants, very variable in size, dwarf to huge, solitary to densely branched, consisting of hundreds of stems, sometimes with a waxy epidermis, the apex often densely covered with wool. Spines variable.
Flowers diurnal, self sterile, short, funnel-shaped to bell-shaped, usually light yellow, sometimes tinged with red, pollinated by hymenoptera (Alloscirtetica lanosa, Centris nigerrima, Caenohalictus pupurмsus, Spino/iella herbsti), also by beetles (Buprestidae, like Atacamita chilensis, Ectinogonia darwinii). Fruits globose to turbinate, apically dehiscent. Seeds shiny, reddish brown to black, scattered by ants.
• HABITAT
The genus Copiapoa grows endemically in small and sometimes large, more or less scattered colonies, in the Atacama desert along the Pacific coast, only in Chile, from sea level up to approximately 1500 m in altitude, in extremely arid zones, but which benefit the condensation provided by the characteristic coastal fog of Chile (camanchaca) and some moisture at night. We find the different species generally in full sun, on plains, on alluvial soils rich in coarse sand, on rocky hills among rocks and in crevices. The substrate is purely mineral. Copiapoa is sometimes accompanied with other cacti like Eulychnia, Neoporteria etc.
• DISTRIBUTION
Only northern Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo).

Currently 30 species to debate (+ at least 8 subspecies):
– Copiapoa ahremephiana Taylor & Charles 2002
– Copiapoa angustiflora H.E.Walter, G.Charles & W.Maechler 2006
– Copiapoa atacamensis Middleditch 1980
– Copiapoa bridgesii* (Pfeiff.) Backeb. 1959
– Copiapoa calderana F. Ritter 1959
– Copiapoa cinerascens* (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose 1922
– Copiapoa cinerea* (Phil.) Britton & Rose 1922
– Copiapoa cinerea subsp. columna-alba (F.Ritter) Hunt 2002
– Copiapoa cinerea subsp. haseltoniana (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor 1997
– Copiapoa coquimbana* (Karw. ex Rumpler) Britton & Rose 1922
– Copiapoa dealbata F.Ritter 1959
– Copiapoa decorticans N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles 2002
– Copiapoa echinoides* (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose 1922
– Copiapoa eremophila F.Ritter 1980
– Copiapoa esmeraldana F.Ritter 1980
– Copiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb. 1935
– Copiapoa grandiflora F.Ritter 1963
– Copiapoa humilis* (Phil.) Hutchison 1953
– Copiapoa humilis subsp . australis P.Hoxey 2004
– Copiapoa humilis subsp. tenuissima (Ritter) D.Hunt 2002
– Copiapoa humilis subsp. tocopillana (Ritter) D.Hunt 2002
– Copiapoa humilis subsp . varispinata (Ritter) D.Hunt 2002
– Copiapoa hypogaea* F.Ritter 1980
– Copiapoa krainziana F.Ritter 1963
– Copiapoa laui* Diers & Esteves 1980
– Copiapoa leonensis Schaub & R.Keim 2006
– Copiapoa longistaminea F.Ritter 1963
– Copiapoa marginata* (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose 1922
– Copiapoa megarhiza Britton & Rose 1922
– Copiapoa megarhiza subsp. echinata (Ritter) Charles 2006
– Copiapoa melanohystrix F.Ritter 1980
– Copiapoa mollicula F.Ritter 1963
– Copiapoa montana F.Ritter i9 6 0
– Copiapoa serpentisulcata F.Ritter 196
– Copiapoa solaris* (F.Ritter) F.Ritter 1980
– Copiapoa taltalensis Werderm. 1929 (= Copiapoa rupestris, C. rubriflora)
– Copiapoa taltalensis subsp. desertorum (F.Ritter) Charles 2005
– Copiapoa vallenarensis F.Ritter 1980

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3723-9 (Vol. 1)

April 20, 2016April 20, 2016

CONSOLEA

https://www.cactuspro.com/photos_jpg/40/4046.jpg

Autor: Lemaire

• ETYMOLOGY
A genus honouring Michelangelo Console (1812-1897), Italian botanist, specializing in cacti, curator of the Botanical Garden of Palermo, Italy. Portrait is unknown.
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of treelike plants with one or several very spiny cylindrical trunks, bearing lateral or terminal, sometimes dense branches, with suborbicular to elongated or ellipsoid cladodes, with margins often curved, with smooth or reticulate surface. Areoles having hairs, glochids and spines. Spines very variable, sometimes absent.
Flowers diurnal, self sterile, rather small, changing colour, yellow, orange, red, pollinated by ants (Crematogaste ashmeadi), also probably by bees and hummingbirds. Fruits oblong and fleshy. Seeds straw-coloured, strongly compressed laterally, with a funicular envelope densely covered with trichomes.
• HABITAT
The genus Consolea grows in the Caribbean islands, in dry forests with a warm climate, sometimes on reliefs. We also find it in Florida (USA), close to the sea, near mangrove swamps, on rocky outcrops, from the sea level up to 50 m in altitude.
• DISTRIBUTION
Caribbean islands: Bahamas Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, USA (Florida).

Currently 9 recognised species (Negron-Ortiz, 2007) + 3 subspecies:
– Consolea corallicola* Small 1930
– Consolea falcata* (Ekm. & Werderm.) F.M.Knuth 1935
– Consolea macracantha* (Griseb.) A.Berger 1926
– Consolea millspaughii* (Britton) A.Berger 1926
– Consolea millspaughii subsp. caymanensis* Areces 2000
– Consolea moniliformis* (L.) A.Berger 1926
– Consolea moniliformis subsp. guantanamana Areces 1996
– Consolea nashii* (Britton) A.Berger 1926
– Consolea nashii subsp. gibarensis Areces 1996
– Consolea picardae* (Urban) Areces 2000
– Consolea rubescens* (Salm-Dyck ex DC.) Lem. 1862
– Consolea spinosissima* (Mill.) Lem. 1862

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3723-9 (Vol. 1)