cactusclassification – Page 19 – THE LAST CACTUS CLASSIFICATION

May 4, 2016May 4, 2016

LOXANTHOCEREUS

Autor: Backeberg

• ETYMOLOGY
≪Cereus with oblique flowers≫, main feature of this genus.
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of medium sized plants with stems branched laterally, thin, erect to decumbent, rib slightly marked, more or less tuberculate. Areoles rather small, situated at the top of tubercles. Spines usually rather short and many, setose to aciculate.
Flowers diurnal, self-sterile, funnel-shaped, with long, slender floral tube, sometimes covered with hairs or wool, more or less zygomorphic, red to orange-coloured, red to scarlet, red tinged with carmine or yellow, pollinated by hummingbirds. Fruits small, globose, greenish to reddish, floral remains persistent. Seeds matt, black, dotted with holes.
• HABITAT
The genus Loxanthocereus grows endemically in Peru, on rocks, in full sun or among grasses and bushes, in crevices, in mountains, also near the Pacific coast, from 50 m (L. sextonianus) up to 3300 m in altitude.
• DISTRIBUTION
Peru (Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Huancavelica, lea, La Libertad, Lima, Tacna).

Currently 12 species plus 2 su bsp ecies (maybe more):
– Loxanthocereus acanthurus* (Vaupel) Backeb. 1937
– Loxanthocereus acanthurus subsp. faustianus (Backeberg) Ostolaza 1998
– Loxanthocereus acanthurus subsp. pullatus (Rauh & Backeberg) Ostolaza 1998
– Loxanthocereus camanaensis Rauh & Backeb. 1957 (non L sextonianus)
– Loxanthocereus clavispinus Rauh & Backeb. 1957
– Loxanthocereus hoffmannii F.Ritter 1981
– Loxanthocereus jajoianus (Backeb.) Backeb. 1942
– Loxanthocereus hystrix Rauh & Backeb. 1957
– Loxanthocereus hoxeyi (G.Charles) J.Lode 2014 (ex Borzicactus hoxeyi)
– Loxanthocereus pachycladus Rauh & Backeb. 1957
– Loxanthocereus peculiaris Rauh & Backeb. 1957
– Loxanthocereus sextonianus* (Backeb.) Backeb. 1942
– Loxanthocereus sulcifer Rauh & Backeb. 1957

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3723-9 (Vol. 1)

May 3, 2016May 3, 2016

LOPHOPHORA

Autor: Coulter

• ETYMOLOGY
“having a crest”, in reference to the characteristic tufts of hairs of the genus.
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of small geophytic low-growing plants, solitary or densely caespitose, with fleshy soft stems, globose, strongly flattened, depressed at the apex, with tuberculate low ribs. Areoles having tufts of whitish hairs, spines absent. Huge taproot.
Flowers diurnal, self-sterile or self-fertile according to taxa, appearing at the apex of stems, funnel-shaped, whitish, cream-yellow, pink or more rarely red, striped brown or pink, pollinated by flies and bees. Fruits elongated, naked, floral remains persistent, pale to intense pink or red, sometimes creamy, dry when mature, indehiscent. Seeds pearshaped, tuberculate, black.
• HABITAT
The genus Lophophora has a wide area of distribution and is very widespread in Mexico, much rarer in the United States (Texas and New Mexico), and usually grows on rocky limestone terraces, between crevices, on dry hills, in arroyos (temporary streams), on plateaus or clayey plains, in the shade of the surrounding vegetation among bushes or sometimes in full sun, from 750 m up to 1700 m in altitude, together with other cacti and succulents (Leuchtenbergia, Epithelantha, Ariocarpus…).
• DISTRIBUTION
Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas), USA (Texas).

Currently 5 species, plus possibly some subspecies, to debate:
– Lophophora alberto-vojtechii Snicer, Bohata & Mysak 2008
– Lophophora diffusa* (Croizat) Bravo 1967
– Lophophora fricii Habermann 1974
– Lophophora koehresii (Riha) Bohata, Mysak & Snicer 2005
– Lophophora williamsii* (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) J.M.Coult. 1894

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3723-9 (Vol. 1)

May 3, 2016May 3, 2016

LOPHOCEREUS

https://toptropicals.com/pics/garden/12/az/IMG_0017.jpg

Autor: (Berger) Britton & Rose

• ETYMOLOGY
≪Crested cereus≫, referring to the long bristly tufts of spines (pseudocephalium) of the former species described in this genus, that are found only on adult reproductive stems.
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of shrubby, columnar plants, without a trunk, densely branching from the base (L. schottii) or little branched (Ј. marginatus), with well marked ribs. Spines few, short and sturdy. Pseudocephalium terminal on the reproductive stems, very elongated, bearing numerous long flexible spines, somewhat arranged like a scrubbing brush in L. schottii, but only spinier and setose flower-bearing areoles in L. marginatus. L. schottii: flowers nocturnal, self-sterile, funnel-shaped, appearing laterally in the pseudocephalium, whitish to intense pink, with an unpleasant smell, bearing some hairs and scales, pollinated by a Pyralid moth (Upiga virescens). Fruits globose to egg-shaped, naked, intense red wth red pulp, splitting at the base, remains of the dried perianth persistent. Seeds large, finely reticulate, shiny, black. L. marginatus: flowers diurnal remaining open at night, tubular, setose, greenish-white, yellowish to pink, pollinated by hummingbirds (Amazilia violiceps, Cynanthus iatirostris and C. sordidus) during the day, and by bats (iChoeronycteris mexicana, Leptonycteris curasoae and L. nivalis) as well as Sphingideae during the night. Fruits globose, tuberculate, setose, red tinged with yellow, edible, with red, yellow or orange pulp. Seeds shiny, black.
• HABITAT
The genus Lophocereus grows in the Sonora desert, on alluvial plains, dunes and coastal silt, at the foot of rocky hills, preferring flat areas and the lower slopes, or in rocky canyons, always in association with many cacti, bromeliads and other succulents, from sea level up to 600 m in altitude for L. schottii, and 2500 m in altitude for L. marginatus. There is a significant disjunction between species. L. marginatus is used by the local populations as quickset hedges.
• DISTRIBUTION
Mexico (Baja California, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Mexico D.F., Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora), USA (Arizona).

Currently 3 recognised species, one of which is doubtful and which could be of hybrid origin (L. gatesii):
– Lophocereus gatesii* M.E.Jones 1934
– Lophocereus marginatus* (DC.) S. Arias & Terrazas 2009 (ex Marginatocereus)
– Lophocereus schottii* (Engelm.) Britton & Rose 1909

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3723-9 (Vol. 1)

May 3, 2016May 3, 2016

LOBIVIA

http://www.richtstatt.de/gymnos_v3/img/ginhab/20111030120010_aurea.jpg

Autor: Britton & Rose

• ETYMOLOGY
Genus whose name is an anagram of Bolivia, where the first species were discovered.
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of usually small plants, solitary or caespitose, globose, becoming elongated with age, some forming cushions. Spines highly variable. Ribs usually low, ortuberculate.
Flowers diurnal, self-sterile, shortly funnel-shaped or bell-shaped, highly variable in colours, white, yellow, orange, red, magenta, carmine, mauve, purple, sometimes bi-coloured, pollinated by bees (Brachyglossula ancasti), sphingideae or hummingbirds. Fruits rather small, hairy and scaly, some (L. ferox) fleshy, juicy and edible, floral remains persistent. Seeds also variable, subglobose or elongated, smoother or papillose, matt or shiny, black. Dispersion assured by Rheas (Pterocnemia pennata).
• HABITAT
The genus Lobivia shows an extreme variability in habitat, and grows essentially on the Andean high-plateaus, often at ground level, among grasses, on the rocks, in areas of plains, valleys, on gravelly soils, from 1000 up to 4600 m in altitude (Lobivia maximiliana). They are mainly mountain plants.
• DISTRIBUTION
Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santiago del Estero, Tucuman), Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija), Chile (Antofagasta, Tarapaca), Peru (Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Huancavelica, lea, Junin, Lima, Moquegua, Puno, Tacna).

Currently 34 species to debate, plus 4 likely (or more) subspecies:[(5.) = ex Soehrensia s.s.]
– Lobivia arachnacantha* Burning & F.Ritter 1956
– Lobivia aurea* (Britton & Rose) Backeberg 1934
– Lobivia aurea subsp. fallax* (Oehme) J.Lode 2013
– Lobivia aurea subsp. shaferi* (Britton & Rose) J.Lode 2013
– Lobivia backebergii* (Werdem. ex Backeb.) Backeb. 1935
– Lobivia (S.) bruchii* Britton & Rose 1922
– Lobivia caineana* cardenas 1952
– Lobivia callochrysea* (F.Ritter) J.Lode 2013
– Lobivia calorubra* (Cardenas) Rausch 1987
– Lobivia cardenasiana* Rausch 1972
– Lobivia chrysantha* (Werderm.) Backeb. 1935
– Lobivia chrysochete* (Werderm.) Wessner 1938
– Lobivia cinnabarina* (Hook.) Britton & Rose 1922
– Lobivia ferox* Britton & Rose 1922
– Lobivia (S.) formosa* (Pfeiff.) Dodds 1937
– Lobivia haematantha* (Speg.) Britton & Rose 1922
– Lobivia haematantha subsp. densispina*(Werderm.) Rausch & G.D.Rowley 1982
– Lobivia hertrichiana* Backeb. 1933
– Lobivia jajoana* Backeberg 1934
– Lobivia (S.) kieslingii* Rausch 1977
– Lobivia lateritia* (Gurke) Britton & Rose 1922
– Lobivia marsoneri* (Werderm.) Backeb. 1935
– Lobivia maximiliana* (Heyd. ex A.Dietrich) Backeb. 1937
– Lobivia minutiflora (Rausch) Schlumpberger & Lowry 2013
– Lobivia obrepanda* (Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb. 2012
– Lobivia ollgotricha* Cardenas 1963
– Lobivia pampana* Britton & Rose 1922 (= L. mistiensis)
– Lobivia pentlandii* (Hook.) Britton & Rose 1922
– Lobivia pugionacantha* (Rose & Boed.) Backeb. 1935
– Lobivia pugionacantha subsp. haemantha (Rausch) Guiggi 2012
– Lobivia rauschii* Zecher 1974 (= Lobivia pojoensis Rausch 1968)
– Lobivia saltensis* (Speg.) Britton & Rose 1922
– Lobivia schieliana* Backeb. 1957
– Lobivia silvestrii* (Speg.) G.D.Rowley 1967
– Lobivia stilowiana Backeb. 1949
– Lobivia tegeleriana* Backeb. 1936
– Lobivia hegeliana* Wessner 1939
– Lobivia winterana F.Ritter 1970
– Lobivia wrightiana Backeb. 1937

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3723-9 (Vol. 1)

May 3, 2016May 3, 2016

LEUENBERGERIA

http://www.erdikaktusz.eoldal.hu/img/original/1431/pereskia-acuelata-miller-1768.jpg

Autor: J.Lode

• ETYMOLOGY
Genus honouring the Swiss national Beat Ernst Leuenberger (1946-2010), curator of the Berlin-Dahlem Botanical garden tropical collections, specialist of the Pereskioideae, and prematurely departed.
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of shrubby to treelike plants, branched, woody, with robust branches, leaves wide, ovate to elongated, acuminate, fleshy, sessile, deciduous, with a marked central nerve. Leaf axils having a spine or more aciculate, sometimes fasciculated, as well as hairs. Species of the genus produce bark (periderm) very early, and do not have stoma on the stem, unlike Pereskia.
Flowers diurnal, self-sterile, large, rotate, solitary, appearing at the end of stems, pink, red purple or intense yellow red, pollinated by bees or hummingbirds. Fruits globose or turbinate to pear-shaped, naked, edible, bearing small leaves. Seeds large, flattened, black, shiny. The dispersion of fruits fallen on the ground is provided by frugivorous mammals.
• HABITAT
The genus Leuenbergeria grows in savannas (caatinga in Brazil), deciduous forests, on often flooded volcanic,
limestone or clayey soils, rocky hillslopes, or areas disturbed by anthropological action, from sea level (L. guamacho) up to 920 m in altitude (L. aureiflora). It is use to make quickset hedges in Costa Rica and in Venezuela. It is a genus difficult to spot in the habitat, as it merges with the surrounding vegetation. There is a significant disjunction between species of Central America and those of Brazil. As an anecdote, L. quisqueyana (former Pereskia quisqueyana) was discovered in 1977 at Bayahibe (Dominican Rep.) by the Frenchman Alain Liogier, and, being endemic of the region, this taxon was declared in 2011 ≪National Flower of the Dominican Republic≫.
• DISTRIBUTION
The Antilles (Bonaire), Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais), Colombia (Antioquia, Bolivar, Magdalena), Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Limon), Cuba, El Salvador (La Libertad), Guatemala (Chiquimula, El Progreso, Zacapa), Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (Oaxaca), Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Venezuela (Bolivar, Sucre, Zulia).

Currently 8 recognised species:
– Leuenbergeria aureiflora* (Ritter) J.Lode 2013
– Leuenbergeria bleo* (Kunth) J.Lode 2013
– Leuenbergeria guamacho* (Weber) J.Lode 2013
– Leuenbergeria lychnidiflora* (D C.) J.Lode 2013
– Leuenbergeria marcanoi* (Areces Mallea) J.Lode 2013
– Leuenbergeria portulacifolia* (L.) J.Lode 2013
– Leuenbergeria quisqueyana* (Liogier) J.Lode 2013
– Leuenbergeria zinniiflora* (D.c.) J.Lode 2013

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3723-9 (Vol. 1)