Author: cactusclassification

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NEOPORTERIA

http://www.kaktusy-rysavy.cz/gallery/upload/bi/Neoporteria_multicolor_109.jpg
http://www.kaktusy-rysavy.cz/gallery/upload/bi/Neoporteria_multicolor_109.jpg

Autor: Britton & Rose

• ETYMOLOGY
Genus honouring Carlos Emilio Porter (1867-1942), Chilean entomologist and naturalist; “neo” because the genus Porteria had already been assignated to a Valerianaceae (now Caprifoliaceae s.I.).
• DESCRIPTION
Genus of usually solitary plants, sometimes branched from the base, subglobose flattened or becoming elongated, with the apex more or less depressed, very variable in size, from 1 cm to 1 m, with fibrous roots or taproots, sometimes with a constriction at the base. Ribs in variable number, usually crenulated between areoles; areoles borne at the top pf tubercles. Spines variable in size and shape, aciculate, sturdy or setose.
Flowers diurnal, sometimes self-fertile, appearing near the apex, funnel-shaped or almost tubular, colour variable, white, creamy-white, yellowish, brown, pink to carmine red, sometimes bi-coloured, some pleasantly scented, pollinated by insects like hymenoptera (Alloscirtetica lanosa) and hummingbirds. Fruits egg-shaped to davate, often woolly, almost all with a basal dehiscence, floral remains persistent. Seeds small, variable, brown to black, subglobose, with micropyle sometimes visible, ruminate to finely tuberculate, retaining, in some species, remnants of the mucilage. Dispersal of seeds ensured by ants (myrmecochory).
• HABITAT
The genus Neoporteria includes extremely variable species and grows near the Pacific coast, inlands, up to the mountains of the Andes, to the Chilean pampa, on rocky soils, among rocks, in crevices or on outcrops, on cliffs, on dry slopes, also in colonies on coastal rocky capes, exposed to the breeze (N. subgibbosa), or to the camanchaca, (Chilean coastal fog) (Neoporteria crispa) from the sea level up to 4200 m in altitude (N. curvispina [aconcaguensis]). Unfortunately, many species are in danger for different reasons: overgrazing, mining activity, reforestation, collection, climate change…
• DISTRIBUTION (in the acceptance of Neoporteria s.I. as presented here)
Argentina (Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan), Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Maule, O’Higgins, Santiago, Tarapaca, Valparaiso).

Currently 40 possible species:
How they were classified before: H = ex Horridocactus; P = ex Pyrrhocactus; T = ex
Thelocephala.
– Neoporteria (H.) aspillagae (Sohrens) Backeb. 1935
– Neoporteria (P.) atroviridis (F.Ritter) Ferryman 1991
– Neoporteria (P.) bulbocalyx* (Werderm.) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (H.) calderana (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (P.) caligophila (R. Pinto) J.Lode 2013
– Neoporteria (H.) chilensis* (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose 1922
– Neoporteria clavata* (Sohrens ex K.Schum.) Werderm. 1939
– Neoporteria coimasensis* F.Ritter 1963
– Neoporteria (H.) confinis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (H.) crispa (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (H.) curvispina* (Bertero ex Colla) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (P.) echinus (F.Ritter) Ferryman 1991
– Neoporteria (H.) engleri (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (H.) eriosyzoides (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (T.) esmeraldana (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (P.) fioccosa (F.Ritter) J.Lode 1992
– Neoporteria (H.) garaventae (F.Ritter) Ferryman 1991
– Neoporteria (H.) heinrichiana (Backeb.) Ferryman 1991
– Neoporteria (H.) huascensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (P.) iquiquensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (H.) kunzei (C.F.Forst.) Backeb. 1935
– Neoporteria (H.) marksiana (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (P.) megliolii (Rausch) Donald 1976
– Neoporteria (T.) napina* (Phil.) Backeb. 1935
– Neoporteria nigrihorrida* Backeb. 1939
– Neoporteria (H.) occulta (Phil.) Britton & Rose 1922
– Neoporteria (T.) odieri* (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb. 1935
– Neoporteria (H.) paucicostata* (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (H.) recondita ((F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria senilis* Backeb. 1935
– Neoporteria (H.) simulans (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria sociabilis* F.Ritter 1963
– Neoporteria (P.) strausiana* (K.Schum.) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria subgibbosa* (Haw.) Britton & Rose 1922
– Neoporteria (H.) taltalensis* Hutchison 1955
– Neoporteria (P.) totoralensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (P.) umadeave* (Werderm.) Donald & G.D.Rowley 1966
– Neoporteria (P.) villicumensis (Rausch) Donald 1976
– Neoporteria villosa* (Monv.) A.Berger 1929
– Neoporteria wagenknechtii* F.Ritter 1963

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3692-8 (Vol. 2)

 

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NEOLLOYDIA

http://www.kaktusymeksyku.pl/resources/Pb030992_N_conoidea_PresaDeGuadelupe.jpg
http://www.kaktusymeksyku.pl/resources/Pb030992_N_conoidea_PresaDeGuadelupe.jpg

Autor: Britton & Rose

• ETYMOLOGY
Genus honouring Francis Ernest Lloyd, an American botanist (1868-1947) who contributed to the work of Britton & Rose, and “neo”, because the genus Lloydia had already been used to designate a Liliaceae.
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of small low plants, caespitose, globular to cylindrical, with the epidermis yellowish-green or greyish-green and the apex woolly. Ribs virtually absent, tubercles well defined, conical, furrowed. Areoles divided in two parts, joined by a groove. Central spines straight, usually one or two, sometimes absent.
Flowers diurnal, self-sterile, funnel-shaped, appearing at the base of the areolar groove of young tubercles, magenta red or lilac, with a naked pericarpel, pollinated by insects. Fruits rather small, globose, greenish, naked, fleshy at the beginning, becoming dry when ripe, indehiscent. Seeds subglobose, tuberculate, matt, black.
• HABITAT
The genus Neolloydia grows between Mexico and the United States, in small scattered populations in a wide geographic range, in the shade or in full sun, on hillsides, terraces and limestone gravel, more rarely in gypsum, among xerophyllous shrubs, in grasses and moss, between 400 m and 2200 m in altitude.
• DISTRIBUTION
Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas), USA (Texas).

Currently 3 species provisionally recognised:
– Neolloydia conoidea* (DC.) Britton & Rose 1923
– Neolloydia inexpectata D.Donati 2012
– Neolloydia matehualensis* Backeberg 1948

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3692-8 (Vol. 2)

 

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NEOBUXBAUMIA

http://www.wellgrowhorti.com/Pictures/Cactus%20Seeds/Web%20Pictures/N/Neobuxbaumia%20Euphorbioides.jpg
http://www.wellgrowhorti.com/Pictures/Cactus%20Seeds/Web%20Pictures/N/Neobuxbaumia%20Euphorbioides.jpg

Autor: Backeberg

• ETYMOLOGY
Genus honouring Franz Buxbaum (1900-1979), Austrian botanist and “neo”, because the genus Buxbaumia already existed, to designate a bryophyte dedicated to the German botanist Johann Christian Buxbaum (1693-1730).
• DESCRIPTION
A genus of treelike, massive columnar plants, solitary or branched, with erect sturdy stems. Ribs usually numerous (up to 36 and more) with areoles close-set and regularly arranged. Spines stiff or flexible, more abundant and with bristles in the flower-bearing areoles.
Flowers nocturnal, remaining open in the morning, self-sterile, subapical, with tube bearing scales and nectariferous glands (N. euphorbioides), closely bell-shaped, white or pink, pollinated by bats (Artibeus jamaicensis, Choeronycteris mexicana, Leptonycteris curasoae, L. nivalis, L yerbabuenae and Sturnira lilium), but also by hummingbirds (Amazilia violiceps, A. yucatanensis, Chlorostilbon canivetii, Cynanthus sordidus, Doricha eliza), other birds (Melanerpes hypopolius), bees (Apis mellifera, Trigona sp.) and Sphingideae (Eumorpha anchemola). Fruits egg-shaped, spiny, with irregular longitudinal dehiscence, floral remains persistent, pulp white, non juicy, but edible. Seeds brown to blackish, shiny, kidney-shaped, smooth. Dispersal ensured by bats and, to a lesser extent, by birds. Possible action of ants, especially for fruits fallen on the ground.
• HABITAT
The genus Neobuxbaumia grows among bushes and shrubs, on often very steep hills, between cliffs, in mostly limestone soils rich in humus (N. mezcalaensis) often together with bromeliads, also associated with many other cacti, from 50 m (N. scoparia), up to 1950 m in altitude (N. macrocephala). In its habitat, Neobuxbaumia represents the dominant plant of the landscape.
• DISTRIBUTION
Mexico (Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz).

Currently 8 recognised species:
– Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides* (Haw.) Buxb. ex Bravo 1978
– Neobuxbaumia macrocephala* (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schumann) E.Y.Dawson 1952
– Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis* (Bravo) Backeb. 1941
– Neobuxbaumia polylopha* (DC.) Backeb. 193
– Neobuxbaumia sanchezmejoradae A.B.Lau 1994 (= N. laui)
– Neobuxbaumia scoparia* (Poselg.) Backeb. 1941
– Neobuxbaumia squamulosa Scheinvar & Sanchez-Mejorada 199
– Neobuxbaumia tetetzo * (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coulter) Backeb. 1938

References: "TAXONOMY of the CACTACEAE" -  ISBN 978-84-617-3692-8 (Vol. 2)

 

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Acanthocalycium thionanthum

http://cactusgarden.ru/gallery/image.raw?type=orig&id=811
http://cactusgarden.ru/gallery/image.raw?type=orig&id=811

Acanthocalycium thionanthum
(Spegazzini) Backeberg 1935

  • – Echinopsis thionantha – (Spegazzini) Werdermann 1931
    – Echinocactus thionanthus – Spegazzini 1905,
    – Lobivia thionantha – (Spegazzini) Britton & Rose 1922,
    – Echinocactus chionanthus – Spegazzini 1905,
    – Lobivia chionantha – (Spegazzini) Britton & Rose 1922,
    – Echinopsis chionantha – (Spegazzini) Werdermann 1931,
    – Acanthocalycium chionanthum – (Spegazzini) Backeberg 1935
    – Acanthocalycium griseum –  Backeberg 1963, not validly published
    – Acanthocalycium brevispinum – F. Ritter 1964,
    – Echinopsis brevispin (F. Ritter) – H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley 1974
    – Acanthocalycium catamarcense = F. Ritter 1980

Plants usually solitary, globose to short cylindrical, dark green to gray-green, to 12 cm (4.7 in) high and 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter. Ribs 9-15, round, slightly notched and tuberculate. Areoles elliptical. Spines awl shaped, gray with dark tips, 1-1.5 cm (0.4-0.6 in) long. Central spines 1—4, sometimes absent. Radial spines 5-10. Flowers somewhat bell shaped, bright yellow to red to white, to 4.5 cm (1.8 in) long and in diameter; pericarpels and floral tubes with dark, spine-tipped scales and brown to white hairs and bristles. Fruits globose, dehiscent, hard, to 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter.

Distribution: Salta, Argentina.

References: Anderson E.F. - The Cactus Family

 

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Acanthocalycium glaucum

http://www.gargamel-cactus.com/albums/album49/Acanthocalycium_catamarcens_001.jpg
http://www.gargamel-cactus.com/albums/album49/Acanthocalycium_catamarcens_001.jpg

Acanthocalycium glaucum
F. Ritter 1964

  • – Echinopsis glaudna – H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley 1974
    – Echinopsis glauca – (F. Ritter) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley 1974
    – Acanthocalycium aurantiacum – Rausch 1968,
    – Echinopsis aurantiaca (Rausch) = H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley 1974

Plants usually solitary, globose to short cylindrical, bluegreen, 6-15 cm (2.4-5.9 in) high, 3-7 cm (1.2-2.8 in) in diameter. Ribs 8-14, obtuse, notched, to 1.5 cm (0.6 in) high.
Areoles white, 1.5-2 cm (0.6-0.8 in) apart. Spines black, expanded basally. Central spines usually absent, sometimes 1 – 2. Radial spines 5-10, straight, awl shaped, 5-20 mm (0.2-
0.8 in) long. Flowers golden yellow, to 6 cm (2.4 in) long and in diameter. Fruits globose, dark green, to 2 cm (0.8 in) in diameter.

Distribution: Catamarca, Argentina.

References: Anderson E.F. - The Cactus Family